[D] What are some other paradigms and frameworks for building with LLMs besides retrieval augmented generation (RAG)?

It has been more than a year since InstructGPT and its mass market application ChatGPT went public and created the storm of interest we are seeing today around LLMs.

Alongside the research and academic interest, there have been various attempts from industries (startups, bigger enterprises, etc) building new products and/or features powered by LLMs for commercial reasons.

However, most of what I've seen so far are either thin-wrapper applications around a LLM or some variation of a RAG.

What are …

academic application building chatgpt frameworks industries instructgpt llms machinelearning market public rag research retrieval retrieval augmented generation startups storm