[R] The Era of 1-bit LLMs: All Large Language Models are in 1.58 Bits

[https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.17764](https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.17764)

**Abstract**

>Recent research, such as BitNet, is paving the way for a new era of 1-bit Large Language Models (LLMs). In this work, we introduce a 1-bit LLM variant, namely BitNet b1.58, in which every single parameter (or weight) of the LLM is ternary {-1, 0, 1}. It matches the full-precision (i.e., FP16 or BF16) Transformer LLM with the same model size and training tokens in terms of both perplexity and end-task performance, while being significantly more cost-effective in …

abstract every fp16 language language models large language large language models llm llms machinelearning precision research the way transformer work