Extremely accurate position finding - camera question

I'm looking to do an application where I need find the location of a black square to within +/- 0.13mm (0.005"). It is a black square on a white background, so a pretty simple image However, it's size can vary from 75-200mm square. My initial thought is to get a monochrome camera+lens combo that will let me see the image at 1 pixel = 0.01mm real-world size. This, however, starts to require a huge number of pixels for the largest …

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