Hatemoji: A Test Suite and Adversarially-Generated Dataset for Benchmarking and Detecting Emoji-based Hate. (arXiv:2108.05921v3 [cs.CL] UPDATED)

Detecting online hate is a complex task, and low-performing models have
harmful consequences when used for sensitive applications such as content
moderation. Emoji-based hate is an emerging challenge for automated detection.
We present HatemojiCheck, a test suite of 3,930 short-form statements that
allows us to evaluate performance on hateful language expressed with emoji.
Using the test suite, we expose weaknesses in existing hate detection models.
To address these weaknesses, we create the HatemojiBuild dataset using a
human-and-model-in-the-loop approach. Models built …

arxiv benchmarking dataset emoji generated test