No imputation without representation. (arXiv:2206.14254v3 [cs.LG] UPDATED)

Imputation allows datasets to be used with algorithms that cannot handle
missing values by themselves. However, missing values may in principle
contribute useful information that is lost through imputation. The
missing-indicator approach can be used to preserve this information. There are
several theoretical considerations why missing-indicators may or may not be
beneficial, but there has not been any large-scale practical experiment on
real-life datasets to test this question for machine learning predictions. We
perform this experiment for three imputation strategies …

arxiv imputation representation