[R] Backpropagation through space, time, and the brain

**Paper**: [https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.16933](https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.16933)

**Abstract**:

>Effective learning in neuronal networks requires the adaptation of individual synapses given their relative contribution to solving a task. However, physical neuronal systems -- whether biological or artificial -- are constrained by spatio-temporal locality. How such networks can perform efficient credit assignment, remains, to a large extent, an open question. In Machine Learning, the answer is almost universally given by the error backpropagation algorithm, through both space (BP) and time (BPTT). However, BP(TT) is well-known to rely …

abstract artificial credit however machine machine learning machinelearning networks question synapses systems temporal