Reflecting the Male Gaze: Quantifying Female Objectification in 19th and 20th Century Novels

arXiv:2403.17158v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Inspired by the concept of the male gaze (Mulvey, 1975) in literature and media studies, this paper proposes a framework for analyzing gender bias in terms of female objectification: the extent to which a text portrays female individuals as objects of visual pleasure. Our framework measures female objectification along two axes. First, we compute an agency bias score that indicates whether male entities are more likely to appear in the text as grammatical agents than …

abstract arxiv bias concept cs.cl framework gender gender bias literature media objects paper studies terms text type visual