Unveiling Challenges in Language Model Performance: A Study of Saturation and Representation Degeneration

Language Models (LMs) face challenges in self-supervised learning due to representation degeneration. LMs like BERT or GPT-2 LMs have low angular variability and outlier dimensions on a small scale, comprised of a neural network processing token sequences to generate contextual representations. A language modeling head, typically a linear layer with parameters W, produces next-token probability […]

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